New Delhi: The Government of India has officially enforced the 20th Amendment to the Birth and Death Registration Act (RBD Amendment Act 20 of 2023), introducing substantial changes to birth and death registration processes nationwide. The amendment aims to streamline record-keeping and establish a centralized digital database, raising concerns among marginalized communities, particularly Indian Muslims.
The original Birth and Death Registration Act of 1969 required birth registration, but due to prevalent home births, especially in rural areas, many individuals remained unregistered. Instead, age estimations based on self-assessment, matriculation certificates, or affidavits were commonly used as proof of birth.
Key Changes in the RBD Amendment Act 20 of 2023
With the new amendment, birth certificates will now be the sole and definitive proof of birth date and place for various official purposes, as mandated under Clause 3. A birth certificate will now be required for:
- Admission to educational institutions
- Issuance of driving licenses
- Inclusion in voter lists
- Registration of marriages
- Appointments in government or public sector jobs
- Issuance of passports and Aadhaar numbers
- Other purposes as determined by the central government
The Registrar General of India, who oversees the census database, has been tasked with maintaining these records. The government, through Gazette Notification No. 13 (dated August 11, 2023), has emphasized that this initiative is part of a broader effort to digitize and centralize birth and death records, ensuring greater transparency in document verification.
A crucial aspect of the amendment is that it applies only to births and deaths occurring after its enactment. However, individuals born before this period are given an opportunity to register their births retrospectively. This allows those aged 30, 40, or even 50 years to obtain an official birth certificate, fulfilling the new documentation requirements.
The amendment has sparked discussions, especially among Indian Muslims, who fear its potential demographic and political implications. Some regional news agencies have raised concerns over the accessibility and impact of the centralized database, warning that it may disproportionately affect communities lacking proper documentation.
Following an RTI request filed with the Ministry of Home Affairs on February 23, 2024, seeking further clarifications, the government has maintained that the amendment aims to improve efficiency and transparency in public record-keeping. However, debates continue on its implications for marginalized groups.
As the government proceeds with its implementation, awareness campaigns and further clarifications may be required to address concerns and ensure a smooth transition for all affected citizens.
